Introductory Chapter: Electroceuticals of Autonomic Nervous System

Chapter 12 - Autonomic Nervous System Physiology

A specialized taxonomy of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been developing since the time of Galen (ad 130200). In the early 1900s, Langley first referred to the ANS. He used the term sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as described by Willis in 1665, and introduced the second division as the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) in 1921. Although Langely initially described only the visceral...

Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System Testing

A utonomic nervous system testing is used to document diabetic autonomic failure. Diabetic autonomic failure is defined as impaired function of the peripheral autonomic nervous system and can be divided into two categories: 1) autonomic neuropathy, in which there is a structural lesion of the peripheral autonomic neuron and 2) functional autonomic failure, in which no known structural lesion oc...

Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System Derangements

Despite these findings, mostly in the cardiac, esophageal and colon tissue 5,14,15, no correlation exists between the intensity of neuronal destruction and dilation of the heart or other microscopic indices of myocarditis in the chronic phase14. Histopathologic foci of damaged nervous tissue are found in a diffuse and irregular distribution. Neuronal parasitism, with periganglionitis and degene...